caliper
The thickness of paper, usually expressed in thousandths of an inch. Also called bulk.camera ready
Said of text or artwork ready to be photographed by a process camera.
cap height
The height from the baseline to the top of the uppercase letters in a font. This may or
may not be the same as the height of ascenders. Cap height is used in some systems to
measure the type size.
centered text
Text placed at an equal distance from the left and right margins. Headlines are often
centered.
character
In typography, a single element such as a letter, numeral , or mark of punctuation.
Another word for typographic element is glyph. In computing, characters are often
identified with eight-bit alphanumeric codes. The character code 97, for example,
represents the letter a.
character encoding
An encoding is a table that maps (usually eight-bit) character codes to the glyphs of a
font. There are only 256 possible eight-bit codes, so most computer fonts are limited to
that many glyphs. Some fonts, particularly for non-Latin alphabets, use sixteen-bit codes
and can therefore contain many more glyphs.
CMYK
The usual abbreviation for cyan, magenta, yellow, and black: the inks used in color
process printing. Interactive computer graphics, CMYK is one of the modes used to specify
color - essentially by choosing a level for each of the four component ink.
cold-set ink
Molten ink applied with a hot press and solidifying on the paper.
collate
To gather pages in a particular order for binding.
colour filter
A sheet of coloured glass, plastic, or gelatine with biased transparency. A red filter,
for example, lets only red light pass through and absorbs light of other wavelengths.
Filters are basic to colour scanning and colour-separation photography.
colour-matching system
Systems based on numbered colour samples that allow a designer to specify colours by
number.
colour separation
Separating a multicolour image into monochrome components. Often done photographically
using filters. The result is then typically four sheets of film called
"separations," one for each of the CMYK process colours. Separation can also be
done digitally, and the corresponding result is a four-part image file.
colour sequence
The order in which process colours are printed. A common colour sequence is yellow,
magenta, cyan, and black.
colour value
The tonal value of a colour, analogous to grey level on a scale from dark to light.
comprehensive, comp
An accurate layout with text and art positioned as they will appear in the end product.
condensed font A narrower version of a font, used to get more characters into a given
space.
connected dots
Halftone dots connected with their neighbours, which means all dots over the 50% size.
continuous-tone art
Artwork containing tonal gradation, as distinct from solid lines against a blank
background. Photographs exemplify continuous-tone art
contrast
A feature of the greyscale, or more generally of the tonal range. A high-contrast
photographic print emphasises the extremes-very dark and very light areas predominate. A
low contrast print emphasises the mid-range. In typography, the term is used to describe
fonts, referring to variety in line thickness. See font contrast.
copyfitting
A typographic process of adjusting the size and spacing of type to make it fit within a
defined area or on a definite number of printed pages. Can be done by calculation based on
experience, or by successive adjustments at the computer until a fit is reached.
coverstock
Heavyweight paper used for the covers of magazines and booklets.
cropping, crop marks
The trimming, or cropping, of artwork can be done either manually or digitally with an
image-editor. Crop marks are marks made on a photograph or other artwork indicating what
part to exclude and how the designer wants the image framed.
crossover
Occurs when a graphic element carries over from a page to the one facing it.
curing
Preparing paper for printing by letting it reach the same temperature
and humidity levels as the press room.
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