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dampening
In conventional lithography, fountain solution is applied to the plate. Image areas
intended for ink have been treated to make them repel the solution. Non-image areas have
not been treated and dampening wets them. The inks used will adhere only to dry areas, so
dampening serves to confine the ink and define the image.
deckle
edge
The naturally ragged edge of untrimmed paper. In some cases the natural edge may be
specified by the designer.
densitometer
A device to measure the density of printed colour.
descender
The part of a lowercase letter (such as y, p) and q) that descends below the baseline.
In some typefaces, the uppercase I and Q also descend below the baseline.
die
A stamping tool used in embossing and cutting.
digital graphic effects
Special graphic effects produced with an image-editor or any other tool for modifying
raster images. An example is digital pasteurisation: producing areas of uniform colour in
an image by mathematically reducing the tonal range of each colour to a few large steps.
dimensional stability
Paper's resistance to stretching and the like, especially when damp.
dingbats
Non alphanumeric glyphs. Dingbat fonts consisting entirely of these characters are a
source of graphic symbols-such as arrows, bullets, and dividers-and of graphic ornaments.
direct colour process
Colour separation and screening in a single photographic step. The original is separated,
typically into four component monochrome images, and each image is simultaneously resolved
into dots. This is in contrast to the indirect colour process, which does separation and
screening in separate stages.
display type
Type larger than that of the main text, used for headlining and display.
dot-for-dot reproduction
A method of reproducing printed halftone material. Because it has already been resolved
into halftone dots, this material is difficult to rescreen. The dot-for-dot method is an
alternative that avoids rescreening by duplicating the original's halftone dots.
dot gain
The spread of dots during several stages of printing or plate making, as measured by the
increase in size of a midtone dot. If, for some reason such as paper absorbency, or poor
film contact during plate making, a 50% dot expands into a 60% dot, the gain is 10%. dpi An
abbreviation for dots per inch. Refers to the resolution at which a device, such as a
monitor or printer, can display text and graphics.
drop cap
A document style in which the first capital letter of a paragraph is set in a larger point
size and aligned with the top of the first line. Used to indicate the start of a new
section of text, such as a chapter.
dry litho or waterless printing
A type of lithographic plate with a coating able to repel ink without needing to be
dampened. Ink is confined to the image area without the usual wetting.
drying oven
An oven used to dry paper after printing. In web-fed lithography, the damp paper passes
continuously from the press and through the drying oven.
duplex stock
Paper with its two sides coloured or finished differently.
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